The widespread use of betelnut (paan) and gutka is a leading factor in the alarming rise of oral cancer cases in Pakistan.
Betel nut, often chewed as part of cultural practices, is classified as a carcinogen, especially when mixed with tobacco in gutka. These substances damage oral tissues, significantly increasing the risk of mouth cancer.
The situation is particularly concerning among younger generations, who frequently consume these products without awareness of the long-term health risks.
Betel nut and gutka use is linked to conditions such as oral submucous fibrosis, which causes stiffness in the mouth, limiting movement and increasing cancer risk. This condition is prevalent in South Asian countries, including Pakistan, where paan and gutka use is ingrained in daily life. Gutka, a blend of tobacco, areca nut, and other ingredients, is particularly harmful, with high addiction rates and widespread availability, contributing to its extensive use.
Limited awareness and inadequate access to healthcare have exacerbated the problem, especially in rural areas, where people remain unaware of the carcinogenic effects of betel nut and gutka. The lack of routine screenings results in low early detection rates for oral cancer, leading to late-stage diagnoses with limited treatment options.
Public health campaigns have struggled to challenge the cultural acceptance of paan and gutka, complicating prevention efforts.
Addressing this issue requires a combination of public health initiatives and stricter regulation of betel nut and gutka products.
Educating the public, particularly in schools and rural communities, about the dangers of these substances can help reduce consumption.
Additionally, enforcing legal restrictions on the sale and distribution of gutka could significantly curb its use and lower the incidence of oral cancer.
A coordinated effort involving healthcare professionals, the government, and local communities is essential to curb the use of these harmful products.
Stringent policies on the production, sale, and marketing of these products, along with support for research into oral cancer treatments and public education campaigns, can significantly reduce the prevalence of these practices. With proactive measures, Pakistan can effectively lower the burden of oral cancer.
