TEXAS: Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman’s life— from puberty to menopause—can significantly impact oral health, according to Dr. Maiara Hister-Cockrell of The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Dentistry.
“These hormonal changes affect the entire body, including the mouth,” said Dr. Hister-Cockrell, emphasizing how shifts in estrogen and progesterone influence gum sensitivity, saliva production, and bone density.
During puberty, increased blood flow to the gums makes them more sensitive and prone to swelling and bleeding. Without proper hygiene, bacteria can lead to gingivitis, a condition that may escalate to periodontitis and tooth decay. Adolescents are particularly at risk due to poor brushing habits and sugar-laden diets.
Women using hormonal contraceptives or experiencing pregnancy face similar challenges, as high estrogen and progesterone levels increase gum sensitivity. Gingivitis affects up to 75% of pregnant individuals, but many avoid dental visits due to safety concerns.
“Seeing a dentist during pregnancy is not only safe but vital,” said Dr. Hister-Cockrell. Gum infections can lead to complications, including preterm births and low-birth-weight infants. She recommended scheduling dental checkups in the second trimester.
Menopause introduces issues like bone density reduction and dry mouth. Declining estrogen levels weaken the jawbone, leading to receding gums and tooth instability. Decreased saliva production further exacerbates tooth decay and bacterial infections, with some women experiencing burning mouth syndrome.
At every life stage, Dr. Hister-Cockrell urges women to prioritize dental visits and oral hygiene. “The mouth is part of the body—dental care is health care,” she said.
By addressing hormonal impacts and maintaining regular dental care, women can protect their oral and overall health.