A recent scientific review has spotlighted eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (E-HAp) as a promising biomaterial in dentistry, opening new frontiers in regenerative dental care. Published in Evidence-Based Dentistry, the review assessed 17 studies and revealed the potential of this bioengineered material in applications like enamel remineralization, tissue regeneration, and bone grafting.
What is hydroxyapatite and why eggshells?
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a naturally occurring calcium phosphate that makes up the primary inorganic structure of human teeth and bones. While synthetic and bovine-derived HAp are commonly used in dental applications, eggshell-derived HAp offers a low-cost, eco-friendly, and abundant alternative—transforming poultry waste into a valuable resource.
The reviewed studies were primarily in vitro and explored E-HAp’s use in:
- Sealing dentinal tubules to reduce sensitivity
- Remineralizing early-stage enamel caries
- Alveolar ridge preservation through bone grafts
- Periodontal tissue regeneration
- Regenerative endodontics and pulp capping
These findings position E-HAp as a multifunctional material in both preventive and surgical dental procedures.
A rising star in tissue engineering, green bioengineering
The authors noted a growing interest in E-HAp within regenerative medicine and tissue engineering communities, driven by its biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and potential for sustainable production. Other sources of hydroxyapatite explored by researchers include bovine and fish bones, mussel shells, seashells, and even chicken beaks, contributing to a larger movement toward bio-reuse and eco-innovation in dental materials.
Notably, this trend aligns with recent developments in regenerative dental science. In 2024, scientists at Tufts University successfully bioengineered human-like teeth in pigs, showcasing how animal-derived materials and cellular engineering are shaping the future of dentistry.
Conclusion and future outlook
While most current evidence stems from laboratory studies, the review underscores a high potential for clinical applications of E-HAp in dentistry. As research expands and clinical trials follow, eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite may soon become a key component of biocompatible, cost-effective dental care globally—especially in regions prioritizing sustainable and affordable healthcare solutions.
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